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Melanoma PDX models, or patient-derived xenograft models, are revolutionizing cancer research by providing a platform that closely mimics human tumors in a laboratory setting. By implanting melanoma tissue from patients into immunocompromised mice, researchers can study the tumor's biology and response to treatments in a controlled environment. These models retain the genetic diversity and histological features of the original cancer, making them invaluable for testing targeted therapies and personalized medicine approaches. Melanoma PDX models are thus critical for advancing our understanding of melanoma and developing more effective treatment strategies.